The theoretically perfect size from which variation is permitted.

A common operation to obtain smooth surfaces. The workpiece is held against a moving, abrasive belt until the desired degree of finish is obtained.

The form in which variation is permitted in both directions from the basic size. (See TOLERANCE.)

The enlargement or relocation of an existing hole or section of a hole by means of a cutting tool.

One in which the cutting edge of the tool is a different material than the shank to which it has been brazed.

A standardized method of measuring hardness using a steel ball pressed into the workpiece by a standard load. The diameter of the spherical indentation is used to quantify the hardness of the tested material.

A broach is a tool with multiple cutting edges which is passed over an existing surface or through an existing hole to form a specific shape. Each tooth removes a small amount of material until the last tooth generates the final shape and size.

The welding of small segments of the chips from the material being machined to the face of the cutting tool.